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Plugged In: the DTV Switch

Three months to go... how's your antenna?

We're getting ever closer to the shutdown date for analog transmitters -- and goodness knows that we need all the time we can get.  Not only are we installing new processing and transmission equipment in our stations (remember, I serve the entire region even though my office is at channel 9), many of our program suppliers are upgrading their gear.  In a matter of weeks, for example, ABC and NBC will change how they transmit their HD signals to affililiates to improve the signal quality and increase the number of feeds they can provide.  To say that we're busy is an understatement!

How about at your end:  have you added a converter box or replaced your old analog set with one that receives DTV?  What about your antenna?

You can tell that the politicians who set the timetable to make the switch in February don't live around here: a lot of folks will need to install new antennas, and the middle of winter is about the worst time to do it.  If you haven't thought about it, you might want to look into replacing your outdoor antenna and lead-in cable now, before the weather gets terribly nasty.  I have the tee shirt for installing antennas in sub-freezing weather, and believe me: it's something you don't want to do if you can avoid it!  Your fingers just don't work as well when they're stiff and turning blue, and dropping that piece of hardware after you climbed 53 feet is, well, annoying.  There are more descriptive ways to say it, but I'll leave that to your imagination!

Tonight we're going to spend part of the newscast answering questions about the digital changeover... and if the calls we get are typical, most will come down to selecting an antenna that delivers a clean signal to your receiver.  Notice I said clean and not strong -- most of the current crop of DTV receivers are fairly sensitive and are happy with a weaker signal, so long as it isn't noisy or distorted.  A good antenna can focus on the signal you want, and reject the ghosts and interference coming from other directions.  The best antennas are designed to mount outdoors, though you can sometimes put them in an attic.  Indoor antennas are generally the last choice -- they are the least able to focus in one direction, and because they are indoors, they are also closest to potential sources of interference like computers and aquarium heaters.

Looking for a good outdoor antenna?  Here are nine (seemed like an appropriate number), listed roughly in order of how directional they are, and how much gain they provide:

  • AntennaCraft dual Super G 1483 (roughly $120-160)
  • Terrestrial Digital DB8 ($70-90)
  • Modified Grey-Hoverman ($50-75)
  • Channel Master CM4228 ($50-60 -- being discontinued)
  • Channel Master CM4228HD ($80-100 -- new version)
  • Winegard HD8800 ($50-70)
  • AntennaCraft single Super G 1483 ($55-70)
  • Terrestrial Digital DB4 ($55-70)
  • Blonder-Tongue BTY-UHF-BB ($190-200)

Except for the Blonder-Tongue, all of these are panel antennas, and require a sturdy mount because they present more wind loading than a traditional style.  The Blonder-Tongue has somewhat lower gain, but is extremely rugged; it's the sort of antenna a cable head-end might install on a tower.  Any of them should work well in the immediate Syracuse area, but if you are in a tough location (in a valley, more than 30-40 miles away from our Pompey transmitter site), you should give preference to the top half of the list.  If you're quite a ways out, you will also need a good pre-amplifier.  Important note:  these are all UHF antennas, except for the Channel Master CM4228HD, which extends down to channel 7.  In Syracuse, all of the DTV stations are UHF... but some cities like Rochester and Binghamton will have one or more DTV stations in VHF-high band.

The modified Grey-Hoverman is a build-it-yourself model; last May we developed a version you can make from plastic pipe and fittings; the plans and instructions are here for you to download.

See you tonight!

-- Jeff

Published Tuesday, November 18, 2008 10:34 AM by JH Engineering

Comments

 

carlb said:

If Syracuse needs a list of nine good antennas, will Watertown need a list of fifty of them? :)
November 18, 2008 3:16 PM
 

Mike S said:

carlB: Having had to fix all sorts of problems with broadcast tv reception in Lowville, Watertown needs a list of 1 and the best antenna. It'd be nice if they made an antenna that was directional, but able to look all the way over to Carthage while still going all across the north to Copenhagen.

I think WWNY is trying to screw people over going back to VHF, keeping their split on the market. They say right now will be the same as after 2/19, but I'm afraid people might go out and buy UHF only antennas and when WWNY goes back to ch7, they'll be lost.
November 18, 2008 5:04 PM
 

JH Engineering said:

Good point, Carl... maybe I should have gone to work for WKTV and saved all of the typing!

Mike, you might take a look at an updated model from Channel Master -- the CM4228HD -- it's their high performance UHF panel antenna with an additional element for the VHF high band.  It's replacing the CM4228, and should be shipping any time now.

-- Jeff
November 18, 2008 5:40 PM
 

carlb said:

From here (home sweet 44.24°N, 76.5°W) most of the local channels are from Watertown (seven channels out of a total of eleven) as there are no Canadian digital stations (and therefore no extra subchannels) locally. Pointing a reasonably-directional outdoor UHF antenna at Copenhagen is therefore the usual first step in trying to get a new DTV receiver up and working.

However it may make sense, instead of trying to find the "one and the best" antenna to cover everything, to just leave the old antenna connected for VHF (6, 7, 11) and point the shiny new panels and corner reflectors at WWTI, WPBS or (if UHF reception weren't so intermittent at these distances) Syracuse.


I would not want to be making antenna design tradeoffs in my HDTV reception just to accommodate the likes of CJOH-6 and  I would not be surprised to see the CBC 11 transmitter (Wolfe Island, so as borderline as it gets) to wait until its August 31, 2001 deadline and then flash-cut on VHF. It's not just CKWS secretly dreaming to be WWNY if and when it grows up, if:
* Canadian authorities, after much foot-dragging, set an end-August 2011 date to turn analogue off and allocated second channels to existing full-power stations (most of whom never even applied for them) but imposed no requirement that digital be turned on before analogue shutoff.
* The digital channel allocated to the Kingston station is UHF 69, which is well out-of-core and one of the channels the Americans were holding back from the spectrum auction as a possible emergency radio frequency. If CKWS were to build on that frequency, odds are high that they would not be able to stay there forever.
* The existing analogue channel 11 is a good high-VHF position in a market which will already be forced to use both VHF and UHF to receive Watertown TV. Why bother building a second station on a UHF channel which soon will no longer exist? It would seem cheaper to stay put and flash-cut in 2011.

Nonetheless, all the new, shiny "digital TV antennas" in the computer store windows - if intended for outdoor use - seem to be UHF antennas. I presume that the VHF/UHF frequency splitters (from back when TV's and VCR's had separate UHF inputs) could be turned backward and used to combine an existing antenna with a new UHF antenna. Point the UHF at Copenhagen and be done with it.
November 19, 2008 10:00 AM
 

JH Engineering said:

From Kingston, WWTI's transmitter is at an azimuth of 122.4°, 46 miles away; WSYR's is at 164.9°, 92 miles away -- representing a span of about 42°.  If you assume a really hot UHF antenna like an Antennacraft dual Super G 1483 or a dual bay Grey-Hoverman (on the order of 16dB gain), you're going to want a rotator since the antenna beamwidth is on the order of 30°.

Come February, you might have an easier time receiving WSYR-DT:  we transmit on channel 17, as does WMHT (the analog PBS in Schenectady).  They will be shutting down their analog and remaining on channel 34 after the transition, leaving us as the only station in New York on 17.

A band-split combiner seems like a very good approach, but I don't think I'd use the old back-of-set types -- for one thing, they generally have 300 ohm outputs, so you'll have a fair amount of loss once you add baluns for 75 ohms.  Instead, I'd look at something like a Blonder Tongue ZUVSJ, which is a sealed metal block with 75-ohm inputs for UHF and VHF, and a 75-ohm output.  According to the specs, the insertion loss is only 0.5dB.  It's exactly the sort of thing you can put up on the mast with the antennas and seal up the connectors so they don't accumulate moisture.

-- Jeff
November 19, 2008 11:08 AM
 

carlb said:

I have never seen co-channel interference from Albany stations this far north (it might be valid cause for concern in Utica, though). In this region, it's more likely that some oddball atmospheric or meteorological condition could allow stations to come in from great distances across Lake Ontario. It's wide open, after all.

For oddball conditions with co-channel interference, on a semi-directional antenna WWTI-DT is usually hit first (WXXI-TV Rochester being an unwatchable but distant potential interference source). By then WSYR-DT17 should be coming in well, along with (usually) WCNY and maybe another Syracuse station. WSYR-DT then remains solid unless affected by interference from the Buffalo station - which is very uncommon, even though an open lake leaves no real obstacles.

Come back in a few hours and everything is back to normal. Go figure.

A directional antenna would solve this, but indeed the bigger antenna the greater the need for a rotor while, the bigger the antenna, the more difficult for a rotor to handle the mechanical load. Then there's the low-tech solution: a huge corner-reflector UHF antenna perched atop a large cardboard box and pointed out an upper-storey window; use the metal siding of the building to shield out co-channels from other directions. That will get Watertown to Kingston consistently. :)
November 19, 2008 12:04 PM
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